In massive victories for Republicans, the newly GOP-controlled North Carolina Supreme Court on Friday threw out a previous ruling against gerrymandered voting maps, and upheld a photo voter identification law that colleagues had struck down as racially biased.
The rulings should make it significantly easier for the Republican-dominated legislature to help the GOP gain seats in the narrowly divided U.S. House when state lawmakers redraw congressional boundaries for the 2024 elections. Under the current map, Democrats won seven of the state's 14 congressional seats last November.
The court, which became a Republican majority this year following the election of two GOP justices, made the rulings after taking the unusual step of revisiting opinions made in December by the court's previous iteration, when Democrats held a 4-3 seat advantage. The court held rehearings in March.
Friday's 5-2 rulings also mean that state lawmakers should have greater latitude in drawing General Assembly seat boundaries for the next decade, and that a photo ID mandate approved by the GOP-controlled legislature in late 2018 could be enforced in time for 2024. A federal lawsuit challenging the voter ID law is still pending, however.
In another court decision along party lines Friday, the state justices overturned a trial court decision on when the voting rights of people convicted of felonies can be restored. That means tens of thousands of people will have to complete their probation or parole, or pay their fines to qualify to vote again.
Republican legislators celebrated the sweeping series of favorable decisions that are assuredly the result of the changing makeup of the state's highest court.
"The decisions handed down today by the NC Supreme Court have ensured that our constitution and the will of the people of North Carolina are honored," House Speaker Tim Moore said in a news release.
But the remaining Democratic justices and their allies lambasted the decisions, accusing the Republican justices of taking extraordinary steps to reverse new precedents on redistricting and voter ID.
Former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder, who leads a national Democratic group whose affiliates helped support the redistricting litigation, said Friday's mapping decision was "a function of political personnel and partisan opportunism" by Republicans.
"History will not be kind to this court's majority, which will now forever be stained for irreparably harming the legitimacy and reputation of North Carolina's highest tribunal," Holder said.
Chief Justice Paul Newby, writing the majority opinion in the redistricting case, said that the previous Democratic majority erred by declaring that the state constitution outlawed extensive partisan gerrymandering. The court last year struck down maps the General Assembly drew because they said they gave Republicans outsized electoral advantage.
But Newby said a partisan gerrymandering prohibition is absent from the plain language of the constitution. He argued that current and former colleagues who declared otherwise had wrongly wrested power away from the General Assembly, which the state constitution designates as the mapmakers.
"In its decision today, the Court returns to its tradition of honoring the constitutional roles assigned to each branch," Newby wrote. "This case is not about partisan politics, but rather about realigning the proper roles of the judicial and legislative branches."
Associate Justice Anita Earls, writing the dissenting opinion, said the court correctly ruled last year to ensure all North Carolina residents "regardless of political party, were not denied their 'fundamental right to vote on equal terms.' Today, the majority strips the people of this right."
North Carolina Republicans also had appealed a decision on the congressional map to the U.S. Supreme Court, asking the justices to expand the powers of state legislatures at the expense of state courts on matters of congressional redistricting and elections.
The U.S. justices heard oral arguments in December but later asked the legal parties what effect, in any, the state Supreme Court's reconsideration of the issue should have on the case. The responses varied, but President Joe Biden's administration suggested the court should dismiss the case, even before Friday's state court decision.
On voter ID, the Republican majority reversed a trial court decision that struck down a 2018 law. The trial court had ruled that GOP legislators passed the law in part to retain General Assembly control by discouraging Black Democrats from voting in legislative elections. But Associate Justice Phil Berger Jr. wrote that the trial judges wrongly relied too heavily on a federal court ruling striking down a 2013 voter ID law as tainted by racial discrimination as evidence the 2018 law was racially biased as well.
On the process for restoring voting rights, the court upheld a law passed in 1973 — when Democrats controlled the legislature — that automatically restored voting rights only after the "unconditional discharge of an inmate, of a probationer, or of a parolee."
A panel of trial court judges last year declared that the law disproportionately harmed Black offenders and violated the constitution's equal protection and free election clauses. The plaintiffs' lawyers said the 1973 law remained rooted in Reconstruction-era efforts by white politicians to intentionally prevent Black residents from voting.
Most of the people affected by the law — about 56,000 on probation, parole or supervision at the time of a 2021 trial — got the chance to vote last November.
Shakita Norman, a plaintiff in the case who was able to vote in 2022, called the decision "just plain wrong. If you're telling us we can no longer vote, are you also telling us that we don't have to pay taxes? This isn't right."
Associate Justice Trey Allen, who wrote the majority decision, said the trial court "wrongly imputed" discriminatory views of 19th century lawmakers upon those a century later "who made it easier for eligible felons of all races to regain their voting rights."
"It is not unconstitutional to insist that felons pay their debt to society as a condition of participating in the electoral process," Allen wrote.
Biden in Selma: Voting rights remain 'under assault'
“The conservative Supreme Court has gutted the Voting Rights Act over the years,” said President Biden.
Associate Justice Anita Earls, writing the dissenting opinion, said the court correctly ruled last year to ensure all North Carolina residents "regardless of political party, were not denied their 'fundamental right to vote on equal terms.' Today, the majority strips the people of this right."
North Carolina Republicans also had appealed a decision on the congressional map to the U.S. Supreme Court, asking the justices to expand the powers of state legislatures at the expense of state courts on matters of congressional redistricting and elections.
The U.S. justices heard oral arguments in December but later asked the legal parties what effect, in any, the state Supreme Court's reconsideration of the issue should have on the case. The responses varied, but President Joe Biden's administration suggested the court should dismiss the case, even before Friday's state court decision.
On voter ID, the Republican majority reversed a trial court decision that struck down a 2018 law. The trial court had ruled that GOP legislators passed the law in part to retain General Assembly control by discouraging Black Democrats from voting in legislative elections. But Associate Justice Phil Berger Jr. wrote that the trial judges wrongly relied too heavily on a federal court ruling striking down a 2013 voter ID law as tainted by racial discrimination as evidence the 2018 law was racially biased as well.
On the process for restoring voting rights, the court upheld a law passed in 1973 — when Democrats controlled the legislature — that automatically restored voting rights only after the "unconditional discharge of an inmate, of a probationer, or of a parolee."
A panel of trial court judges last year declared that the law disproportionately harmed Black offenders and violated the constitution's equal protection and free election clauses. The plaintiffs' lawyers said the 1973 law remained rooted in Reconstruction-era efforts by white politicians to intentionally prevent Black residents from voting.
Most of the people affected by the law — about 56,000 on probation, parole or supervision at the time of a 2021 trial — got the chance to vote last November.
Shakita Norman, a plaintiff in the case who was able to vote in 2022, called the decision "just plain wrong. If you're telling us we can no longer vote, are you also telling us that we don't have to pay taxes? This isn't right."
Associate Justice Trey Allen, who wrote the majority decision, said the trial court "wrongly imputed" discriminatory views of 19th century lawmakers upon those a century later "who made it easier for eligible felons of all races to regain their voting rights."
Liberal wins Wisconsin court seat ahead of abortion ruling
A Democratic-backed judge won a Wisconsin Supreme Court race, allowing liberals to control a majority of the court for the first time in 15 years.
